Christians concerned as Arunachal Pradesh moves to implement Anti-Conversion Law

Arunachal Pradesh, January 8, 2025: The Arunachal Pradesh government is finalizing rules to implement the long-dormant Arunachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act, 1978, an anti-conversion law. Most Christian groups voice their concern as they believe it is to curb the growth of Christianity in the state. After nearly five decades of inactivity due to the absence of operational guidelines, the law is expected to be enforced by March or April 2025, marking a significant shift in the state's approach to religious regulation.

The state government informed the court on September 30, 2024, that draft rules had been framed, setting the stage for the Act’s revival. Enacted in 1978, the law aims to protect indigenous beliefs and traditions by preventing forced or incentivized religious conversions. However, its reactivation is sparking debates over religious freedom and the potential socio-political ramifications.

Religious dynamics in Arunachal Pradesh have evolved significantly over the years. Christians now constitute over 30% of the population, followed closely by Hindus at 29%, adherents of the Donyi-Polo faith at 26.2%, and Buddhists at 11.8%. The law’s enforcement aligns with broader national projects spearheaded by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its ideological parent, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Historically, anti-conversion measures in India date back to the Presidential Order of 1950, which penalized religious converts by denying them access to government reservations and opportunities.

As the March 2025 deadline approaches, questions remain about the implications of the Act’s enforcement, as several states have now turned this law into a tool of enforcement, with punishments reaching up to 10 years. Critics argue that it could disproportionately affect tribal communities and undermine constitutional guarantees of religious freedom, while proponents see it as a step toward preserving indigenous cultural identities. How this law is implemented will likely reshape Arunachal Pradesh’s religious and cultural landscape, with lasting repercussions for its diverse population.

By Catholic Connect Reporter