Why Popes Use “PP”: The True Meaning Behind the Signature

22 May 2025: Many might assume that “PP” in papal signatures stands for Papa Pontifex or Pater Patrum. It may sound like an exalted title or some cryptic code — but it’s neither. For centuries, popes have used the abbreviation “PP” in official documents, including ancient papal bulls and modern encyclicals, as seen in signatures like Leone PP. XIV, Franciscus PP., and Benedictus XVI PP.

So, what do these letters actually mean?

“PP” stands for Pastor Pastorum — Latin for “Shepherd of Shepherds.” Rather than a symbol of grandeur, it underscores the pope’s fundamental identity as the chief pastor of the Church — a bishop who leads other bishops. As the Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 882) states, “The Pope, Bishop of Rome and Peter’s successor, is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful.”

His authority flows not just from his office but from a deep responsibility of pastoral care.

A Mark of Service

The abbreviation “PP” began appearing in papal documents during the early medieval era. Drawing from the Roman habit of abbreviating civil titles, popes adopted this custom to highlight their spiritual role rather than political rank.

By identifying as *Pastor Pastorum*, the pope signals his mission to feed the flock of Christ (John 21:17) — not as a ruler above the bishops, but as a servant among them. Each bishop shepherds a local community; the pope, as Peter’s successor, bears the weight of guiding them all with humility and faithfulness.

A Signature of Unity and Continuity

In a global Church that spans languages and cultures, the papal signature serves both symbolic and practical purposes. The consistent use of “PP” across Latin, Italian, French, and other languages ensures the pope’s role is clearly marked in all official documents.

Beyond text, the abbreviation appears in medieval mosaics, frescoes, and seals, subtly yet deliberately etched beside papal names — a tradition that stretches back centuries.

In a world where leadership is often associated with dominance, the enduring use of “PP” quietly conveys something else: a calling to unity, pastoral service, and spiritual fatherhood. It reminds the faithful that the pope leads not from above, but as a shepherd walking alongside his flock — a shepherd of shepherds.

Source: Aleteia